Bacterial Endotoxins: Beyond the Bug

Treating MRSA Infections: Experts Share their Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment

Bacterial Endotoxins: Beyond the Bug

Journal: Ostomy Wound Management Supplement (2003)

Authors: Andrew Kingsley,RN; Liza G. Ovington, PhD, CWS

Abstract 1(Kingsley): Four basic conditions exist in open wounds resulting from the level of bioburden present (bacterial contamination — normal but short-lived state, colonization — normal state, critical colonization — abnormal state, and infection — abnormal state). The two abnormal states have the potential to disrupt the orderly healing sequence, which results in the development of a chronic wound. In addition, the impact of the wound’s anatomical position, duration, shape, or presentation; the patient’s level of health and control of underlying pathologies; the presence of infection-potentiating factors such as foreign bodies, hematoma, and necrotic tissue; the sources and frequency of exogenous contamination; the considered virulence of the individual micro-flora species; and the potential synergism between different species all require consideration. This article discusses the states of bioburden and other aspects of microbiology
relating to wound infection and their application to clinical practice.
Abstract 2(Ovington): Infection � a factor commonly related to delayed closure for many chronic and acute wounds � is associated with relatively high levels of bacteria in viable tissues. But bacteria also can delay wound healing at lower levels before tissue invasion via toxin secretion either directly from viable cells (exotoxins) or as a result of cell lysis (endotoxins). These toxins tend to cause local necrosis and disrupt the delicate balance of critical mediators such as cytokines and proteases necessary for healing progression. Therefore, toxin control or absorption is a potentially valuable adjunct to any infection control modality. A long-standing method of controlling toxins of many types is the use of high surface area adsorbents, such as activated charcoal. Recent data suggest that activated charcoal may offer specific advantages in topical wound management through its effects on bacterial toxins.

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Treating MRSA Infections: Experts Share their Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment

Journal: Podiatry Today(2004)

Authors: Armstrong DG, Joseph WS, Lavery LA,Lipsky BA,

Abstract: Experts share their insights on the diagnosis and treatment of MRSA infections

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